Frequently Asked Questions
What does chmod 755 mean?
The owner can read, write, and execute the file; the group and everyone else can read and execute but not write. It is common for scripts and directories.
How are the octal numbers calculated?
Within each group, read is worth 4, write 2, and execute 1. Add the granted permissions to get one digit (0 to 7) for owner, group, and other.
Is chmod 777 safe?
Rarely. It gives every user full read, write, and execute access, which is a serious security risk on shared systems. Use the least permission needed.
Why do directories need the execute bit?
On a directory the execute bit controls whether you can enter it and reach files inside, so directories generally need execute even just to be listed.
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