Bone Density Risk Calculator

This tool evaluates major clinical risk factors for low bone density and fracture aligned with FRAX screening criteria, including age, sex, low body weight, prior fragility fracture, parental history of hip fracture, corticosteroid use, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and secondary osteoporosis causes such as rheumatoid arthritis. These factors are incorporated into clinical screening guidelines recommended by the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Results are educational, not diagnostic.

The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine DEXA screening for all women aged 65 and older and for postmenopausal women under 65 whose 10-year fracture risk equals or exceeds that of a 65-year-old white woman. Men over 70 or with specific risk factors may also benefit from screening. If this calculator suggests elevated risk for your age and sex, discuss DEXA screening timing with your physician, especially if you have multiple risk factors.

Building peak bone mass during childhood and young adulthood through calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol provides the strongest foundation. After peak bone mass is reached in your late 20s, slowing bone loss becomes the goal. Resistance and impact exercise, adequate calcium (1,000 to 1,200 mg per day depending on age), vitamin D, and fall prevention all play roles. Consult your physician about supplementation and medication options.

Treatment options include bisphosphonates such as alendronate or zoledronic acid, which slow bone resorption; RANK ligand inhibitors such as denosumab; and anabolic agents such as teriparatide or romosozumab, which stimulate new bone formation. Hormone therapy may be considered for postmenopausal women with additional risk factors. All treatments have specific indications, contraindications, and monitoring requirements. An endocrinologist or rheumatologist can help create a personalized treatment plan.