Orbital & Escape Velocity Calculator

Calculate orbital velocity, escape velocity, and orbital period for any planet or custom body

Frequently Asked Questions

How is orbital velocity calculated?

For a circular orbit, v = √(GM/r), where r is the orbital radius (planet radius + altitude). Escape velocity is √2 times that: v_esc = √(2GM/r).

Why is escape velocity √2 times orbital velocity?

Orbiting needs enough speed for centripetal balance; escaping needs enough kinetic energy to reach zero speed at infinity, which works out to exactly √2 ≈ 1.414× the circular-orbit speed.

What is the orbital period?

T = 2π√(r³/GM) (Kepler's third law). The tool reports it alongside the velocities for the chosen body and altitude.

Does orbital velocity depend on the satellite's mass?

No - mass cancels out. A feather and a station at the same altitude need the same orbital speed.

Important Disclaimer: Estimates for informational purposes only.

This calculator provides estimates for informational purposes only. Results are based on assumptions and may not reflect actual outcomes. Consult qualified professionals in relevant fields before making important decisions based on these results.