Frequently Asked Questions
What is the impulse-momentum theorem?
J = F·Δt = Δp = m·Δv. Impulse equals the change in momentum. SI units: N·s (equivalent to kg·m/s).
Why does longer contact time reduce force?
Because impulse depends on m and Δv, not on Δt. Spreading the same impulse over more time means smaller average force - the principle behind airbags and crumple zones.
Can impulse be negative?
Yes - direction matters. A rebound reverses velocity, giving Δv with the opposite sign of the original velocity.
Where does impulse show up in everyday life?
Anywhere a force acts over a short time. In a car crash, crumple zones stretch out the contact time so the same change in momentum produces a smaller, survivable force. Catching a ball or an egg, you draw your hands back to lengthen Δt; a boxer rolls with a punch for the same reason; and a bat or golf club transfers a large impulse to the ball in a brief hit. The impulse (change in momentum) is fixed by mass and velocity change, so a longer contact time always means a gentler force.
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