Frequently Asked Questions
What happens at the equivalence point of a neutralization?
At the equivalence point, moles of H+ from the acid exactly equal moles of OH- from the base. For strong acid + strong base: pH = 7.00 (only water formed). For weak acid + strong base: pH > 7 because the conjugate base salt hydrolyzes water, pH = 0.5 x (pKw + pKa + log C). For strong acid + weak base: pH < 7.
What is the neutralization reaction of HCl and NaOH?
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l). The net ionic equation is simply H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> H2O(l). This reaction releases about 57 kJ per mole of water formed (heat of neutralization). NaCl solution at the equivalence point has pH = 7.00 because neither Na+ nor Cl- hydrolyzes water.
How much base is needed to neutralize an acid?
Use moles: moles of base needed = (moles of acid) x (n_base / n_acid), where n is the number of ionizable H+ or OH- per formula unit. Volume of base = moles_base / concentration_base. For 50 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4: moles H2SO4 = 0.005, with n=2 you need 0.010 mol NaOH. At 0.1 M NaOH, that is 100 mL.
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