Frequently Asked Questions
What is a one-proportion z-test?
A test of whether a sample proportion (x/n) is significantly different from a hypothesized population proportion p₀, using the standard normal approximation.
When is the test invalid?
When np₀ < 10 or n(1−p₀) < 10. Use Fisher's exact or a binomial test for small samples.
What does the p-value mean?
Probability of seeing a sample proportion at least as extreme as p̂, assuming H₀ is true. Small p ⇒ evidence against H₀.
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